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Important Information | National Trend | Regional Trend | Territorial Authority Trend
Household Composition Tables
This analysis explores the composition of households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity over the last decade to help assess the suitability of the current housing stock for this group in New Zealand.
The total number of households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity in New Zealand increased by 31.4 percent between 1991 and 2001. Only the number of two-family households and other multiperson households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity increased at a rate close to this, rising by 34.6 percent and 32.6 percent, respectively. The largest percentage increase in the number of households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity, as a proportion of all household types, occurred in one-person households, increasing by 75.1 percent. The number of three- or more family households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity increased at the comparatively slow rate of 7.0 percent.
The number of one-family households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity increased by 25.1 percent overall between 1991 and 2001. For the component parts of this aggregate household type, the couple only and other(s) households increased the most (up 101.6 percent), followed by couple only households (up 57.4 percent). The number of one parent with child(ren) and other(s) households also increased at a faster rate than total households with at least one person of Maori ethnicity, rising 40.6 percent in this period. Couple with child(ren) and other person(s), one parent with child(ren), and couple with child(ren) households increased at slower rates between 1991 and 2001, at 26.5 percent, 24.4 percent and 7.6 percent, respectively.
Figure 1
Regionally, the one-family household type remained, by far, the most common household type for households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity in 2001. Marlborough Region had the highest proportion of this type of household, 83 percent in 2001, slightly up from the 1991 figure of 82.8 percent. In contrast, Otago Region had the lowest proportion of one-family households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity, at 73.2 percent in 2001, down from 75.9 percent in 1991.
Looking at household types in more detail, the most numerous type of household with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity remained couple with child(ren) households, numbering 58,770 households in 2001. This figure represented 29.4 percent of all households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity, a decrease from 35.5 percent in 1991. Tasman Region had the highest percentage of couple with child(ren) households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity in both 1991 (42.1 percent) and 2001 (36.4 percent ).
Couple with child(ren) households accounted for 38.5 percent of the one-family household type for households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity in 2001, down from 44.8 percent in 1991. Tasman Region had the highest proportion among the regions for this household type, at 44.6 percent (down from 52.7 percent in 1991) and Nelson Region the lowest, at 34.9 percent (down from 43.4 percent in 1991).
Couple only households are becoming more prevalent in the one-family household type for households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity, moving from 14.6 percent to 18.4 percent between 1991 and 2001. Southland Region had a 6.5 percentage point increase for this household type, the largest among all regions, reaching 22.5 percent in 2001. Tasman Region increased by just 1.1 percentage points to 22.3 percent in 2001. Marlborough Region had the largest percentage of couple only households as a proportion of one-family households in 2001, at 25.3 percent, compared to 19.2 percent in 1991 (when this region recorded the second highest percentage of couple only households).
Nationally, in 2001, one parent with children households accounted for 23.5 percent of the one-family household type for households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity, down just 0.1 percentage points on the 1991 figure. Deviation from the national average across the regions was within 10 percentage points: Tasman Region was 5.5 percentage points lower than the national figure, at 18 percent, and Hawke's Bay Region was 4.2 percentage points higher at 27.7 percent. The changes in the proportions in the 10 year period from 1991 ranged from an increase of 3.7 percentage points in Tasman Region, to a decrease of 1.7 points in Auckland. This resulted in 21.8 percent of Auckland Region's one family households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity being one parent with children households in 2001.
The large percentage increase between 1991 and 2001 in one-person households for households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity, nationally, was reflected in all of the regions. Canterbury Region with a 113.6 percent increase (804 households) had the highest percentage increase, whereas Gisborne Region had the lowest increase at 53.5 percent (324 households).
Figure 2
Selwyn District was the territorial authority with the highest proportion of one-family households for households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity in 2001 (88.6 percent), while Wellington City had the lowest (66.4 percent).
In 2001, Selwyn District had the highest proportion of households for households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity for New Zealand's most common family type (at the medium level), couple with child(ren). The Selwyn District figure of 46.2 percent was double that of Auckland City, at 21.6 percent.
Among the eight largest cities in New Zealand, in 2001, Waitakere City had the highest proportion of one-family households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity, at 78.9 percent, followed by North Shore City, with 77.9 percent and Manukau City, with 75.5 percent (see figure 3). This one-family household type can then be broken down into its main component categories for more detail. On this basis, Wellington City and Dunedin City had the most households in the couple only category, at 24.8 percent and 22.5 percent, respectively. Manukau City had the lowest, at 13.5 percent. North Shore City had the highest proportion in the couple with child(ren) category at 40.3 percent, followed by Waitakere City, with 38.9 percent and Auckland City, the lowest at 32.2 percent. The last main component category is the one parent with child(ren) household and in 2001, Hamilton City had the highest proportion of this type at 25.6 percent, followed by Christchurch City, with 24 percent and Wellington City, the lowest with 17.1 percent.
Figure 3
Almost 85 percent of households with at least one person of Mäori ethnicity were located in the North Island in 2001. Looking at the North Island territorial authorities only, Rodney District experienced the greatest percentage change in the number of one-family households (the most common aggregate household type) between 1991 and 2001, an increase of 76 percent to 2,196 such households. Only three authorities experienced a decrease in their number of one-family households between 1991 and 2001 with Ruapehu District declining by 5.7 percent, Kawerau District declining by 4.5 percent and South Waikato District declining by 0.3 percent.
One-person households, the composition category that recorded the largest national increase between 1991 and 2001 (75.1 percent) increased by 72 percent overall in the North Island territorial authorities. Upper Hutt City was the territorial authority in the North Island where one-person households with at least one person with Mäori ethnicity increased the most, up 166.7 percent to 192 households in 2001. Masterton District was the next highest, at 147.8 percent, followed by Matamata-Piako District, at 147.4 percent. Auckland City and Far North District were the only North Island territorial authorities to have over 1000 of this type of household, at 1,575 and 1,104 households, respectively.
Ethnic Group
Ethnicity is the ethnic group or groups that people identify with or feel they belong to. Thus, ethnicity is self-perceived and people can belong to more than one ethnic group. Ethnicity is a measure of cultural affiliation, as opposed to race, ancestry, nationality or citizenship. An ethnic group is a social group whose members share a sense of common origins, claim a common and distinctive history and destiny, possess one or more dimensions of collective cultural individuality and feel a sense of unique collective solidarity.
Ethnic groups used in this analysis are:
- European
- Mäori
- Pacific Peoples
- Asian
- Other
Ethnicity is an individual variable and, therefore, cannot be directly applied to a household. This analysis uses the individual ethnicity responses of household members to compile the ethnic data for a household with at least one usual resident of a particular ethnic group. The ethnicity responses are grouped at the highest level of the classification into the five ethnic groups, European, Mäori, Asian, Pacific Peoples and Other.
A person may specify more than one ethnicity, therefore the sum of individual cells in a table may add to more than the total population or total households. A person and a household can only be counted once within an ethnic group but may be counted more than once across the ethnic groups.
The ethnic data used in this analysis has been output using up to three responses per person. If a person gave more than three responses, the three ethnic groups output are those that take the highest priority under the priority recording system. This is the same method used in 1991 and 1996. Data for 2001 can also be output with up to six responses.
Changes to the form of the ethnicity question used in the 1996 and 2001 Census have resulted in some data that is not consistent between 1991 and 1996 nor between 1996 and 2001. This applies particularly to the 'European' ethnic groups, including the 'New Zealand European' ethnic group, but also to the 'Mäori' ethnic group. Data between 1991 and 2001 may not be affected. To measure real effects of population change, comparison should be made between 1991 and 2001 census data. More information on the changes and the impact on data can be found in the document Change in Ethnicity Question.
Household Composition
This is a derived variable that classifies all households according to the relationships between usually resident people. Households are classified according to the presence, number and type of family nuclei and the presence of related and unrelated people.
Household composition categories (highest level) used in this analysis:
- One-family
- Two-family
- Three-or more family
- Other multiperson
- One-person
One-family household types (medium level):
- One parent with children
- One parent with children and others
- Couple only
- Couple only and others
- Couple with children
- Couple with children and others
Calculations
Percentages have been calculated using stated answers only.
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