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Background | Report | Detailed tables by area
Background
This report focuses on crowding as a major housing issue and is the first of a series of housing analytical reports based on the 2001 Census of Population and Dwellings. The objective of this report is to provide an analysis of crowding in New Zealand. The concept of crowding is a problematic one, as it can be culturally dependent and relies partly on personal responses to space. Thus the report discusses cultural and international concepts of housing and attempts to use definitions that apply most directly to the New Zealand context. The report:
- Discusses changes in New Zealand housing and occupancy over time
- Applies a number of crowding indices to New Zealand households and examines the economic, social and ethnic characteristics of crowded households
- Discusses the social, educational and health implications of crowded housing, acknowledging that for some people crowded housing may have benefits as well as disadvantages
- Acknowledges the limitations of any crowding index that cannot take the physical condition and size of housing into account when determining the possible effects of crowded housing.
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Report
The following downloadable files are in Adobe Acrobat format. If you do not have the Adobe Acrobat Reader you may download the reader to view or print the contents of these files.
Title, acknowledgements and standars.pdf (287 KB)
Table of contents.pdf (118 KB)
Introduction.pdf (183 KB)
Historical background.pdf (254 KB)
Crowding indices.pdf (298 KB)
Crowding by area.pdf (389 KB)
Crowding and health.pdf (200 KB)
Conclusions.pdf (101 KB)
Bibliography.pdf (182 KB)
Appendices.pdf (223 KB)
Glossary.pdf (196 KB)
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Detailed tables
Many of the figures contained in the Crowding Analytical Report were produced from more detailed tables, which output data by regional council (RC), territorial authority (TA) and urban area (UA). Some of these detailed tables are supplied in an excel spreadsheet, for others a link is supplied to relevant housing indicators on the web. These can be accessed from the table below.
Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4
Chapter 2: Historical background
The downloadable files are in Microsoft Excel 97 format(s). If you do not have access to Excel 97 or higher you may use the Excel file viewer to view, print and export the contents of these files.
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Figure in Crowding Analytical Report |
Detailed Table |
Figure 2.1: Tenure of Household, for Private Occupied Dwellings, 1991, 1996, 2001
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Indicator 4, Table 4.0: Households Living in Owner Occupied Private Dwellings as a Percentage of Households Living in All Private Occupied Dwellings, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 2.2: New Zealand Occupancy Rate, 1867 - 2001 |
Table 2.2: New Zealand Occupancy Rate, 1867 - 2001
Table22.xls (18Kb)
Indicator 1, Table 1.0: Occupancy Rate for Usually Resident Households, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 2.3: Household Composition and Occupancy Rate, 1991, 1996, 2001 |
Indicator 1, Table 1.6: Household Composition and Occupancy Rate for Households in Private Occupied Dwellings, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 2.4: Net Effect of Changes in Household Type Distribution on the Decrease in Occupancy Rate, 1991-2001 |
Table 2.4: Net Effect of Changes in Household Type Distribution on the Decrease in Occupancy Rate, 1991-2001
Table24.xls (17Kb)
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| Figure 2.5: Occupancy Rate by Area, 1991, 1996, 2001 |
Table 2.5: Occupancy Rate by Area, 1991, 1996, 2001
Table25.xls (23Kb)
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| Figure 2.6: Occupancy Variations, 1991, 1996, 2001 |
Table 2.6: Occupancy Variations for Main, Secondary and Minor Urban Areas, 1991, 1996, 2001
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| Figure 2.8: Comparison of Crowding Indicators, 1991, 1996, 2001 |
Indicator 1, Table 1.0: Occupancy Rate for Usually Resident Households, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA)
Indicator 2a, Table 2a.0: Crowding Measures, Number of Bedrooms per Household / Number of People Per Bedroom / Equivalised Crowding Index, 1991, 1996, 2001(RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 2.9: Number of Crowded Households in New Zealand, 1986-2001 |
Table 2.9: Number of Crowded Households in New Zealand, 1986-2001
Table29.xls (24Kb)
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Chapter 3: Crowding indices
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Figure in Crowding Analytical Report |
Detailed Table |
| Figure 3.1: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 |
Table 3.1: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001
Table31.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.3: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Tenure of Household and Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Figure 3.3: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Tenure of Household and Ethnic Group, 2001
Table33.xls (26Kb)
Indicator 4, Table 4.2: Population Aged 15 Years and Over, Usually Resident in Private Owner Occupied Dwellings, by Ethnic Group(s), as a Percentage of the Population Aged 15 Years and Over, Usually Resident in All Private Occupied Dwellings, by Ethnic Group(s), 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA)
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| Figure 3.4: Mean and Median Jensen Equivalised Annual Household Income for Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Indicator 16, Table 16.0: Median Jensen Equivalised Annual Household Income ($000), for Households in Private Occupied Dwellings, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 3.6: Mean and Median Weekly Rent in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Indicator 14, Table 14.2: Median Weekly Rent Paid by Sector of Landlord, for Households Paying Rent for the Private Dwelling they Occupy, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 3.7: Mean and Median Weekly Rent in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, as a Proportion of Household Income, 2001 |
Indicator 14, Table 14.0: Rent to Income Ratio (Percentage), for Households Paying Rent for the Private Dwelling they Occupy, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 3.9: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Sector of Landlord, 2001 |
Table 3.9: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Sector of Landlord, 2001
Table39.xls (25Kb)
Indicator 15, Table 15.0: Percentage of Households by Sector of Landlord, for Households Paying Rent for the Private Dwelling they Occupy, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA)
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| Figure 3.10: Percentage of Total Households, by Sector of Landlord and Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.10: Percentage of Total Households, by Sector of Landlord and Ethnic Group, 2001
Table310.xls (25Kb)
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| Figure 3.11: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Sector of Landlord and Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.11: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Sector of Landlord and Ethnic Group, 2001
Table311.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.12: Percentage of Non-Crowded Households, by Sector of Landlord and Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.12: Percentage of Non-Crowded Households, by Sector of Landlord and Ethnic Group, 2001
Table312.xls (25Kb)
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| Figure 3.13: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Sources of Income, 2001 |
Table 3.13: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Sources of Income, 2001
Table313.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.14: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the European Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.14: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the European Ethnic Group, 2001
Table314.xls (27Kb)
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| Figure 3.15: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the Maori Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.15: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the Maori Ethnic Group, 2001
Table315.xls (27Kb)
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| Figure 3.16: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the Pacific Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.16: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the Pacific Ethnic Group, 2001
Table316.xls
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| Figure 3.17: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the Asian Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.17: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the Asian Ethnic Group, 2001
Table317.xls (27Kb)
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Table 3.17a: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, with People of the Other Ethnic Group, 2001
Table317a.xls (27Kb)
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| Figure 3.18: Number of Crowded Households, by Household Composition, 2001 |
Table 3.18: Number of Crowded Households, by Household Composition, 2001
Table318.xls (25Kb)
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| Figure 3.19: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Household Composition, 2001 |
Table 3.19: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Household Composition, 2001
Table319.xls (25Kb)
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| Figure 3.20: Percentage of Two-or-More Family Households, by Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.20: Percentage of Two-or-More Family Households, by Ethnic Group, 2001
Table320.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.21: Percentage of Crowded Households for Extended and Non-Extended Family Households, by Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.21: Percentage of Crowded Households for Extended and Non-Extended Family Households, by Ethnic Group, 2001
Table321.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.22: Percentage of Crowded Households for Extended and Non-Extended Family Households, by Number of Usual Residents, 2001 |
Table 3.22: Percentage of Crowded Households for Extended and Non-Extended Family Households, by Number of Usual Residents, 2001
Table322.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.23: Mean Number of Dependent Children for Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Indicator 7, Table 7.4: Families with dependent children in private occupied dwellings with at least one member of a particular ethnic group as a percentage of all families in private occupied dwellings with at least one member of a particular ethnic group, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA) |
| Figure 3.24: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Number of Dependent Children, 2001 |
Table 3.24: Percentage of Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Number of Dependent Children, 2001
Table324.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.25: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Number of Dependent Children and Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.25: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Number of Dependent Children and Ethnic Group, 2001
Table325.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.26: Number of Crowded Households, by Number of Usual Residents, 2001 |
Table 3.26: Number of Crowded Households, by Number of Usual Residents, 2001
Table326.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 3.27: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Number of Usual Residents and Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 3.27: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Number of Usual Residents and Ethnic Group, 2001
Table327.xls (28Kb)
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| Figure 3.28: Percentage of People Born Overseas Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Number of Years in New Zealand, 2001 |
Table 3.28: Percentage of People Born Overseas Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Number of Years in New Zealand, 2001
Table328.xls (32Kb)
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| Figure 3.29: Percentage of People Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Labour Force Status, 2001 |
Table 3.29: Percentage of People Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Labour Force Status, 2001
Table329.xls (25Kb)
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| Figure 3.31: Percentage of People Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Age, 2001 |
Table 3.31: Percentage of People Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Age, 2001
Table331.xls (33Kb)
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| Figure 3.32: Percentage of People Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Highest Qualification, 2001 |
Table 3.32: Percentage of People Living in Crowded and Non-Crowded Households, by Highest Qualification, 2001
Table332.xls (25Kb)
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Chapter 4: Crowding by area
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Figure in Crowding Analytical Report |
Detailed Table |
| Figure 4.1: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Urban Area, 2001 |
Table 4.1: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Urban Area, 2001
Table41.xls (25Kb)
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| Figure 4.2: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group and Urban Area, 2001 |
Table 4.2: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group and Urban Area, 2001
Table42.xls (26Kb)
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| Figure 4.3: Ten Most Crowded Territorial Authorities |
Table 4.3: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Territorial Authority, 2001
Table43.xls (24Kb)
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Figure 4.4: Households Requiring Extra Bedrooms by North Island District, 1986 - 2001
Figure 4.5: Households Requiring Extra Bedrooms by South Island District, 1986 - 2001 |
Table 4.4 & 4.5: Percentage of Crowded Households, by Region, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001
Table44_45.xls (21Kb)
Indicator 2b, Table 2b.1: Household by Crowding Categories of Canadian National Occupancy Standard as a Percentage of All Private Occupied Dwellings, 1991, 1996, 2001 (RC, TA, UA)
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Figure 4.6: Number of Crowded Households by Region
Figure 4.7: Percentage of Crowded Households by Region
Figure 4.8: Number of Crowded Households in Auckland Region, Compared with New Zealand, 1996-2001 |
Table 4.6 & 4.7 & 4.8: Number and Percentage of Crowded Households, by Region, 2001
Table46_47_48.xls (21Kb)
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| Figure 4.9: Fertility Rates for Women in North Island Main Urban Areas, by Selected Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 4.9: Average Number of Children per Women of Selected Ethnicities, by Urban Area Type, Women Aged 15 Years and Over, Resident in New Zealand, 1996
Table49.xls (20Kb)
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| Figure 4.10: Crowding Quintiles by Territorial Authority, 2001 |
Table 4.10: Percentage of Crowded Households and Crowding Quintile, by Territorial Authority, 2001
Table410.xls (26Kb)
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Figure 4.11: Ten Most Crowded Territorial Authorities, for Households with People of the European Ethnic Group, 2001
Figure 4.12: Ten Most Crowded Territorial Authorities, for Households with People of the Mäori Ethnic Group, 2001
Figure 4.13: Ten Most Crowded Territorial Authorities, for Households with People of the Pacific Ethnic Group, 2001
Figure 4.14: Ten Most Crowded Territorial Authorities, for Households with People of the Asian Ethnic Group, 2001
Figure 4.15: Ten Most Crowded Territorial Authorities, for Households with People of the Other Ethnic Group, 2001 |
Table 4.11 - 4.15: Number and Percentage of Crowded Households, by Ethnic Group and Territorial Authority, 2001
Table411_415.xls (34Kb)
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Figure 4.16: Twenty Most Crowded Area Units in New Zealand, by Territorial Authority, 1986
Figure 4.17: Twenty Most Crowded Area Units in New Zealand, by Territorial Authority, 2001 |
Table 4.16 - 4.19: Number and Percentage of Crowded Households, by Area Unit, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001
Table416_419.xls (621Kb)
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| Figure 4.21: Auckland Region, by Crowding Quintile, 1986 Figure 4.22: Auckland Region, by Crowding Quintile, 1991 Figure 4.23: Auckland Region, by Crowding Quintile, 1996 Figure 4.24: Auckland Region, by Crowding Quintile, 2001 |
Table 4.21 - 4.24: Number and Percentage of Crowded Households and Crowding Quintile, for Auckland Region, by Area Unit, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001
Table421_424.xls (159Kb)
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| Figure 4.21: East Cape, by Crowding Quintile, 1986 Figure 4.21: East Cape, by Crowding Quintile, 2001 |
Table 4.25 - 4.28: Number and Percentage of Crowded Households and Crowding Quintile, for East Cape Region, by Area Unit, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001
Table425_428.xls (60Kb)
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See Housing Statistics for other housing statistics information.
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